Design and simulation of a multipleeffect evaporator. Pdf modelling and optimising single and multiple effect. Thus the evaporator in its length is filled with a varying proportion of liquid and vapor. High efficiency cyclones are likely to have the highestpressure drops of the three cyclone types, while high throughput cyclones are designed to treat large volumes of gas with a lowpressure drop. Chemical process plants include a number of important equipment such as reactors, distillation columns, absorbers, heat exchangers, evaporators, crystallizers, etc. Condensers and evaporators are basically heat exchangers in which the refrigerant undergoes a phase change. Each project is fully customized to the customers process requirements. Chemical process plants include a number of important equipment such as reactors, distillation columns, absorbers, heat exchangers, evaporators, crystallizers. Elevation in boiling point when a solute is added to pure water, the boiling point of the resulting solution rises with m mass of solute or water m molecular weight of solute or water. Project statement and specification the evaporator component of a small refrig eration unit. Multiple effect evaporator system are extensively catering to the needs of textile, pharmaceutical, automobile, chemical, and dyeing industries.
Process hazards and safety measures in equipment design. Air side to compressor or dryer from expansion device moist air in air and condensate out the fnm flow network modeling approach applied to an evaporator and the air source including treatment of psychrometrics. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 24 of 31 lecture 4. A single effect evaporator concentrates pineapple juice at 101. Introduction, type of driers, design consideration of driers. General design considerations of cyclone separators, centrifuges. Joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 7 of 31 nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii 2. The following list contains the descriptions of the most common types of evaporators. The type of refrigerant and method of feed to the evaporator must comply with what is indicated on the submittal drawings and or units nameplate. Shellandtube evaporators can be either single pass type or multipass type.
The boiling point rise of the milk independent of pressure can be estimated from bprc 1. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 8 of 31 2. Classify refrigerant evaporators and discuss the salient features of different. These aspects have to be considered while designing condensers and evaporators. As a result, many types of evaporators and many variations in processing techniques have been. Owing to their easy installation, rugged construction and longer functional life, our evaporator plants are highly demanded in the market. Single effect evaporator evaporation is a special case of heat transfer to a boiling liquid. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 2 of 31 lecture 1.
Students used mathcad software to perform necessary calculations. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this earthquake resistant design of structures nptel, but end up in harmful downloads. In a typical evaporator problem, you are provided with the supply pressure and temperature of nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 20 of 31 steam, the operating pressure of the final effect, the feed and concentrations. Introduction to geometric design nptel may 3, 2007 11. The plate type was designed to improve the efficiency of the bare tube desig used in refrigeration storage and is easy to clean and defrost. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii. Various design of evaporators is available in market, we have to select the appropriate as per. Each component has been axially discretized into ten subsections, though more. Cl405 process equipment selection credit structure 2204 evaporators multiple effect evaporator design optimum number of. Glover chemical engineering progress, selecting evaporators for process applications, december 2004.
Multiple effect evaporator system led by the team of efficient professionals, we are able to offer multiple effect evaporator system to our clients. Design of such equipment should be carried out a priory to setup a process plant and thus, it is the basic step in a chemical process. Evaporators are manufactured in different shapes, types and designs to suit a diverse nature of cooling requirements. A multiple effect evaporator is design to cut down the steam consumption by different operating strategies like feed, condensate and product flashing, vapor compression, vapor bleeding, feed and steam splitting and using an optimal feed flow sequence.
Compared to horizontal type, vertical shellandtube type evaporators require less floor area. The recovered end product should have an optimum solids content consistent with desired product quality and operating economics. A triple effect forward feed evaporator is being used to evaporate a milk containing 10 % solids to a condensed milk of 50% t. Introduction, types of evaporators, methods of feeding of evaporators, general design consideration of evaporator. The heat source for almost all evaporators is water vapor, either in the form of boiler steam or waste vapor from another process. Evaporator selection considered in detail in volume 6, has been discussed by moore and hesler20 and parker21. As a result, many types of evaporators and many variations in processing techniques have. It directly a ects the sight distance, horizontal curve, and the length of vertical curves. While the design criteria for evaporators are the same regardless of the industry involved, two questions always exist.
Introduction evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapor from a solution, slurry or suspension of solid in a liquid. The modelling, optimisation and control analyses of single and multiple effect evaporators using aspen custom modeller acm is carried out to develop programs in different software packages for both single and multiple effect evaporators from an example of double effect evaporator model equations written in acm. The liquid refrigerant is vaporized inside the evaporator coil or shell in order to remove heat from a fluid such as air, water etc. Multiple effect evaporator principle vapor produced in one effect evaporator is used as heating medium in next effect evaporator this reduces total energy requirement required t between steamvapor and product is created by progressively decreasing boiling point of the solution in each effect by lowering pressure. Chen 4122004 uniformity requirement on a flat surface 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0246810 sample size w s o ur ces am p l e d i. Nurachim fitri marshella 119100tk38232 putri desty amelia 12330062tk39253 daniel christianto setyo p. Discuss thermal design aspects of refrigerant evaporators section 23. Alat industri kimia b novel evaporator disusun oleh. Design and simulation of a multipleeffect evaporator using vapor bleeding a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of technology in chemical engineering by monalishanayak roll no. The most of criteria in this table are selected and classifications are made by using the letters in various grades. In a typical refrigerant condenser, the refrigerant enters the condenser in a superheated state. Abstract urea is in many ways the most convenient form for fixed nitrogen.
Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 3 of 34 cyclones have no moving parts and available in many shapes and sizes, for example from the small 1 and 2 cm diameter source sampling cyclones which are used for particle size analysis to the large 5 m diameter cyclone separators used after wet scrubbers, but the. Gasketed plate evaporator the gasketedplate evaporator is also called the plate evaporator because the design is similar to that of a plate heat exchanger. We are leading manufacturer, importers and service provider of multiple effect evaporator system and our product is made up of good quality. Process equipment design course nptel online courses. Evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapor from a. Next to compressors, proper design and selection of condensers and evaporators is very important for satisfactory performance of any refrigeration system. The custom engineered products group which has evolved from hick, hargreaves, combines many years of experience. In multipass type, the chilled liquid changes direction in the heads. Evaporator types, diagram, parts, working, application.
This report contains an overview of designing a heat exchanger used in nitric. A manual dealing with the application of evaporators to the treatment of radioactive wastes. Evaporators and all piping systems must be correctly evacuated prior to charging the system. Unit operations of chemical engineering, mcgrawhill, 5th ed. A second requirement for all evaporators is a means to transfer heat energy from the heat source into the evaporator liquid. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 4 of 34 low efficiency. Evaporator consists of a heat exchanger for boiling the solution with special provisions for separation of. Calculate the kgh of steam used and the overall heattransfer coefficient. Acces pdf earthquake resistant design of structures nptel thank you very much for downloading earthquake resistant design of structures nptel. To develop the programs, the developed model equations must be understood. Discuss enhancement of boiling heat transfer section 23.
This means that it will omit some tubes at the centre of the tube bundle. This new type of costeffective rising film evaporator rapidly became a success in the beet sugar industry and has subsequently spread to many other applications. It has the highest nitrogen content available in a solid fertilizer 46 %. As already mentioned, condenser is an important component of any refrigeration system. Modified hazenwilliams equation is also used in practice. Design and simulation of a multipleeffect evaporator using. The alfavap plate evaporator is the result of development work done in collaboration with beet sugar manufacturers in the late 1980s. Perform thermal design calculations on refrigerant evaporators using various heat transfer correlations presented in the lecture. The purpose of this tabulation is to provide a quick. Calculations on evaporators can be carried out combining mass and energy balances with the principles of heat transfer. Multiple effect evaporator design selection of type of evaporator using some parameters is presented for the best design of multiple effect evaporator in table 1. Ch 4033 comprehensive design project ii aiche engage. Evaporators types and design in the evaporation process, concentration of a product is accomplished by boiling out a solvent, generally water.
The aim is to concentrate a nonvolatile solute, such as organic compounds. For example a sulfuric acid evaporator, where the acid concentration can reach 50%, would utilize graphite tubular heat exchangers and nonmetallic separators and piping. Design of such equipment should be carried out a priory to setup a process plant and thus, it is basic step in a chemical process. In almost all evaporators the heating medium is steam, which heats a product on the other side of a heat transfer surface. Design of a low capacity evaporator of a refrigeration unit. Design and operation of evaporators for radioactive wastes technical reports series, no.
Solved example design problem a 5% aqueous solution of a high molecular weight solute has to be concentrated to 40% in a forwardfeed double effect evaporator at the rate of 8000 kg. The amount of liquid in the evaporator will vary with the load on the evaporator. Lundberg provides multiple effect evaporator technology for use in many different applications. Since the speed of vehicles vary with driver, terrain etc, a design speed is adopted for. It is a unit operation that is used extensively in processing foods. The refrigerant, by the time it reaches the end of the evaporator, is purely in the vapor state and that too superheated. Design operating pressures, as indicated on the nameplate, must never be exceeded. Parker has attempted to test the suitability of each basic design for dealing with the problems encountered in practice, and the basic information is presented in the form shown in figure 14. To develop the programs, the developed model equations must be understood thoroughly.
Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 9 of 31 2. Shellandtube evaporators are available in vertical design also. This book is the second of thre by the commissionee iaea on thde three principa fol techniquer s. Our system design is based on our extensive experience with both the modification of existing evaporators and building new installations. Pdf evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapor from. Now there is a safe superheat of 12f going back to the comp in some smaller chiller applications, the dry, or dx, evaporator will be used to coo same principle as the flooded evaporator. Project statement and specification the evaporator component of a small refrig eration unit of 0. Multipleeffect evaporators if the water vapor from the first effect of a multipleeffect evaporator can be introduced into the steam chest of a second effect operating at a lower boiling point, the latent heat in the water vapor can be reused. Chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii nptel. Pdf evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapor from a.
526 133 863 1540 1568 865 353 5 1432 884 220 985 626 1594 339 1375 1682 1696 21 515 1212 385 1037 1527 870 1638 607 1323 1237 388